Main article · Academic Write-up · Appendix

Data appendix — every incident used in the primary result, every headline, every link

Backing data for the main write-up’s primary result. 66 incidents — human-adjudicated as real and correctly coded, with a determined vehicle make, AND covered by ≥2 of the top 10 Australian outlets — the same population restrictions applied before an incident enters any reported probability, CI, or p-value. Every incident here passed human review — see the main write-up for the full methodology and caveats.

[names make] marks a headline that names the vehicle’s make — the outcome variable the whole study measures.

Tesla incidents (all 3)

Every other incident, by make

Collapsed by default — click to expand any incident’s articles.

Toyota (19 incidents)

2025-09-02 — 20250902-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Mum avoids jail over crash that killed twin daughters: ‘Just want to grieve’
Daily Mail Australia — Mum won’t face jail over careless driving that killed her girls

2025-09-20 — 20250920-QLD-01 — 4 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

Daily Mail Australia — Baby boy is killed after ute crashes into car
9News — Baby boy in parked car killed in horror Queensland crash
7NEWS — Baby killed as ute smashes into Jeep parked on motorway
Daily Mail Australia — Heartbreaking reason mum pulled over before baby’s car crash death

2025-10-02 — 20251002-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Hero truckies wade through swamp to drag man from burning car and resuscitate him
Daily Mail Australia — Police pull victim from burning vehicle after race leads to crash

2025-10-05 — 20251005-SA-01 — 4 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Child fights for life after horrific two-car crash
9News — Girl, 6, fighting for life after horror Adelaide crash
Daily Mail Australia — Girl left fighting for life and three other children injured in crash
news.com.au — 6yo critical after horror collision

2025-10-24 — 20251024-01 — 4 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Police probe whether children were properly restrained before horror crash
7NEWS — Seatbelt questions raised as children badly injured in crash
9News — Young girl dies following crash that left family members, two men injured
7NEWS — Devastating update two days after young girl badly injured in crash

2025-10-30 — 20251030-02 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

Daily Mail Australia — Girl, 5, dies after she was hit by a ute while playing on her scooter
9News — Community in mourning after girl, 5, killed outside primary school
Sydney Morning Herald — ‘My heart breaks’: Tributes to girl hit and killed by ute outside Sydney school

2025-11-07 — 20251107-NSW-01 — 4 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

ABC News — CCTV captures Blacktown crash.
7NEWS — Three pedestrians fighting for life after crash at Sydney intersection
9News — Bystander held injured man’s hand after car mounted kerb, hitting three tradies
Daily Mail Australia — Heart-stopping CCTV of tradies being hit by an out-of-control car

2025-11-14 — 20251114-04 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Good Samaritans’ car stolen by man they stopped to help from crash
news.com.au — ‘Not worth it’: Man vows to never help again

2025-12-02 — 20251202-03 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Shocking moment pedestrian struck by car on wrong side of the road
Daily Mail Australia — Shock moment teen is flung into the air in alleged hit-and-run

2025-12-15 — 20251215-VIC-01 — 4 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Teens fighting for life after deadly minivan crash in regional Victoria
7NEWS — Four killed in van crash, children airlifted to hospital
Daily Mail Australia — Minivan crash tragedy: Four adults killed, three kids fight for life
7NEWS — New details emerge about nine people involved in horrific minivan crash

2026-01-29 — 20260129-02 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Baby spends first birthday in hospital after horror crash
9News — Baby girl and grandmother injured after being struck by car

2026-02-08 — 20260208-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Teen among three killed in fiery crash
Daily Mail Australia — Heartbreaking details emerge about horror crash that killed three
Daily Mail Australia — Brisbane family torn apart as crash kills mum and grandfather

2026-02-21 — 20260221-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Melbourne teen dies in hospital a week after being struck by a car
Daily Mail Australia — Tragedy as teen dies one week after being hit by a car

2026-03-28 — 20260328-WA-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Baby killed in ‘horrible’ crash as rideshare hits tree
9News — Baby killed, woman and child seriously injured in rideshare crash
7NEWS — Rideshare driver charged over crash that killed baby

2026-05-05 — 20260505-QLD-01 — 5 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Woman killed in head-on crash as driver in allegedly stolen car flees
7NEWS — Nurse killed on way to work in crash with allegedly stolen ute identified
9News — Woman dead, man in custody after stolen car crashes north of Brisbane
7NEWS — Family remember ‘remarkable’ nurse killed in head-on crash horror
Daily Mail Australia — Nurse is killed in head-on crash just days after wedding anniversary

2026-05-21 — 20260521-02 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

ABC News — The police vehicle was seen turning its lights and sirens on shortly before the crash in Cairns.
9News — Woman dies after being hit by police car

2026-06-16 — 20260616-WA-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

Daily Mail Australia — Aussie teen killed in crash with kangaroo
7NEWS — Teen’s ‘final gift’ after tragic death in kangaroo crash

2026-06-21 — 20260621-QLD-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Boy killed as allegedly stolen car crashes and rolls into ditch
Daily Mail Australia — Boy, 12, is killed and three others rushed to hospital after crash

2026-07-14 — 20260714-WA-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Young boy among two hurt in ‘awful’ suburban crash
Daily Mail Australia — Small child is rushed to hospital alongside woman after car crash
9News — Boy killed, mum in hospital after car hits pedestrians in Perth

BMW (4 incidents)

2025-11-14 — 20251114-NSW-01 — 11 article(s), 1 headline(s) name the make

Daily Mail Australia — Pregnant woman and her unborn baby die after two cars collide
Sydney Morning Herald — ‘Terrible’: P-plate driver charged after pregnant woman killed in Sydney’s north
9News — Teen charged after pregnant woman and unborn baby die in Sydney crash
9News — P-plater accused of killing pregnant woman in Sydney refused bail
7NEWS — Pregnant mum allegedly hit and killed by P-plater identified
Daily Mail Australia — Pictured: Teenage BMW driver and pregnant mum he is accused of killing [names make]
Daily Mail Australia — Tragic backstory of P-plater charged over unthinkable car crash
news.com.au — Pregnant mum killed in fatal crash identified
news.com.au — Update on 19yo accused of fatal crash
Daily Mail Australia — Driver accused of horrific crash that killed pregnant mum granted bail
Daily Mail Australia — Terrifying noise when a pregnant mum was killed in a horror accident

2026-03-10 — 20260310-WA-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Deadly diabetic driver speaks publicly for first time
7NEWS — Bombshell revelation as driver behind fatal crash forced to front court

2026-05-18 — 20260518-02 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Driver under police guard in hospital after car torn in half in fiery Sydney crash
Daily Mail Australia — Driver cheats death after car splits in HALF and erupts in flames

2026-06-28 — 20260628-NSW-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Chicken shop horror as young boy injured when car ploughs into store
9News — Three children injured as car crashes into Sydney chicken shop
Daily Mail Australia — Boy, 7, is rushed to hospital after car smashed through chicken shop

Ford (4 incidents)

2026-02-07 — 20260207-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Horror as woman killed by car smashing into home
ABC News — CCTV footage shows the moment the car crashed into a home in Rivervale.

2026-04-05 — 20260405-02 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Woman killed in head-on crash after car meet south of Brisbane
7NEWS — Wild pictures emerge as cops probe if hoon meet is to blame for mum’s death
7NEWS — Family in disbelief as innocent mum killed in crash linked to notorious hooning meet

2026-04-18 — 20260418-02 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — ‘Caring’ father-of-five killed after allegedly being run over by teenage driver
7NEWS — Teenager charged after pedestrian killed by car in Brisbane

2026-05-30 — 20260530-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Elderly driver killed after garbage truck, SUV collide
9News — Man, 93, killed in collision with garbage truck

Holden (4 incidents)

2025-11-09 — 20251109-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Investigation under way after horror head-on crash involving police car
Daily Mail Australia — Cops injured after police car involved in horror head-on collision

2025-11-12 — 20251112-SA-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

news.com.au — Cops hunt driver after hit and run horror
9News — Driver charged after death of young dad in alleged hit-run in Adelaide
Daily Mail Australia — Aussie dad killed in alleged hit-and-run

2026-03-15 — 20260315-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Young woman dies in horror head-on after suspected hoon gathering
9News — One dead, one seriously injured after head-on crash west of Brisbane

2026-08-17 — 20260817-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Mum charged over horrific crash that killed young daughter
Daily Mail Australia — Mum charged after her four-year-old daughter was killed in crash

Mazda (4 incidents)

2025-12-12 — 20251212-03 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Driver killed in horror Hunter highway crash
9News — Man dies in multi-vehicle crash in NSW Hunter Region

2026-01-24 — 20260124-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Dashcam shows moment hoons flee after freeway crash
9News — Car packed with eight teens hits Mercedes on freeway, flips it over

2026-02-27 — 20260227-NT-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Young parents charged after three-year-old boy dies in horror crash
9News — Parents charged with domestic violence manslaughter of three-year-old son
ABC News — Parents charged with manslaughter after Gold Coast crash kills 3yo boy

2026-04-12 — 20260412-VIC-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Two critical after five-car crash on Melbourne freeway
9News — Boy dies days after horror five-car pile up on Melbourne freeway
Daily Mail Australia — Pile-up on Melbourne freeway claims the life of 12-year-old boy

Nissan (4 incidents)

2025-12-06 — 20251206-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Major update after man found unconscious on road
9News — Man, 39, arrested after man, 28, ‘lay down in road’ and was killed in Melbourne

2026-04-19 — 20260419-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Pedestrian dies after being struck by car in Queensland
7NEWS — CCTV shows moments before toddler fatally hit by ute north of Brisbane
Daily Mail Australia — Family pay tribute to ‘loveable’ girl, 3, fatally struck by ute

2026-04-21 — 20260421-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Fire erupts as car ploughs into shopfront on busy Sydney street
9News — Car crashes into hair salon, bursts into flames on busy Sydney shopping strip

2026-05-26 — 20260526-01 — 2 article(s), 1 headline(s) name the make

9News — Cops urge ute driver to come forward after 12-year-old struck
Daily Mail Australia — Schoolboy, 12, allegedly struck by a Nissan Navara [names make]

Honda (3 incidents)

2025-09-07 — 20250907-NSW-01 — 4 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Police chase ends in crash, killing teenage boy
9News — Teenage boy dies after allegedly stolen car crashes during police pursuit in NSW’s Hunter Valley
9News — Two teens charged after fatal car crash involving alleged stolen car
9News — Woman charged as investigations continue into fatal Hunter Valley crash

2025-12-10 — 20251210-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Young school worker killed in freak telegraph pole accident remembered
news.com.au — Woman fatally crushed in freak incident named
Daily Mail Australia — Woman killed in freak accident on busy highway identified

2025-12-12 — 20251212-02 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — One dead, six in hospital after horror Melbourne crash
Daily Mail Australia — Teen dead and six injured after driver tried to overtake and crashed

Kia (3 incidents)

2025-11-11 — 20251111-VIC-01 — 6 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Three family members killed, fourth injured in horror collision with truck
7NEWS — Tragic family details emerge after crash kills three, including toddler
Daily Mail Australia — Two children and one adult killed after car was crushed by a truck
Daily Mail Australia — Tragedy as parents and their son are killed in horror highway smash
7NEWS — Victims of horrific car and truck collision identified as young family
news.com.au — ‘Tragic’: Truck crash victims identified

2026-01-29 — 20260129-VIC-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Man shot by police outside Victorian school after stolen car crashes into school bus
Daily Mail Australia — Major update after car rams into packed school bus

2026-06-03 — 20260603-NT-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — [Driver in $20,000 fountain crash was eating Maccas when police arrived

Nine.com.au](https://www.nine.com.au/australia-news/nsw/hyde-park-fountain-car-crash-archibald-fountain-20260603-p603d1.html)

Sydney Morning Herald — Delivery driver takes wrong turn, lands in Hyde Park fountain

Audi (2 incidents)

2026-05-06 — 20260506-NSW-01 — 4 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Young passenger’s body pulled from submerged car in national park
Daily Mail Australia — Huge update after car plunged into a weir with two young men inside
7NEWS — Passenger killed in sinking car identified as young cricketer
9News — Drivers charged after budding cricketer killed in Royal National Park crash

2026-05-23 — 20260523-NSW-01 — 8 article(s), 2 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Three killed in ‘horrific’ head-on collision
9News — ‘Good man’ and rideshare driver killed in triple fatal Sydney crash
Sydney Morning Herald — Ride share driver and passenger returning from birthday killed in horror Sans Souci smash
Daily Mail Australia — Three dead in horror head-on crash that saw Audi flipped onto its roof [names make]
ABC News — Two-vehicle crash leaves three dead in Sydney’s south - ABC News
7NEWS — Band leads tributes as trio killed in shocking crash identified
Daily Mail Australia — Uber passenger killed in horror head-on triple fatal crash
Daily Mail Australia — Furious Aussies unleash on the family of the killer Audi driver [names make]

Mercedes-Benz (2 incidents)

2025-09-23 — 20250923-02 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Police dog injured after being thrown from airborne vehicle in freeway crash
9News — ‘Miracle’ as police dog Rocco escapes horror crash with only a few scrapes

2025-11-19 — 20251119-QLD-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Teen charged over death of another child in e-bike crash
9News — Woman and young child killed in Queensland truck crash

Skoda (2 incidents)

2026-03-13 — 20260313-VIC-01 — 6 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Horrific scenes as teen dies in high-speed stolen car crash
9News — ‘Not a PlayStation game’: Police slam youths who fled deadly stolen car rollover
ABC News — CCTV vision shows a vehicle crashing at Hoppers Crossing. - ABC News
7NEWS — Major update after 15-year-old killed as he was thrown from stolen car
9News — Teen charged after boy dies in allegedly stolen car rollover
Daily Mail Australia — Horror as 15-year-old boy dies in failed carjacking

2026-07-29 — 20260729-02 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Father unmasked after stabbing partner, killing nurse in crash
Daily Mail Australia — Man plotted to terrorise girlfriend before killing innocent mum

Subaru (2 incidents)

2025-11-07 — 20251107-02 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — Man arrested after girl, 10, and woman killed in car crash in outback Queensland community
7NEWS — Horrific crash leaves mother and 10yo girl dead with three other children hurt

2026-04-12 — 20260412-QLD-01 — 5 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Five fighting for life after horror multi-vehicle crash on mountain road
Daily Mail Australia — Four people left fighting for life after crash in Queensland
7NEWS — Grim update after horror multi-vehicle crash on notorious road
7NEWS — Motorcyclist killed in multi-vehicle crash on notorious road identified
7NEWS — Horror crash leaves motorcyclist critical days after fatal collision in same region

Volkswagen (2 incidents)

2025-11-17 — 20251117-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Inside mercy dash to save 10-week old baby after horror crash
news.com.au — Lifeflight dash to save 10-week-old baby after crash near Bundaberg

2026-08-11 — 20260811-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Family’s heartbreak after man killed in horror car crash
Daily Mail Australia — Family’s heartbreak after man killed in horror car crash

Alfa Romeo (1 incident)

2025-12-08 — 20251208-VIC-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

news.com.au — Man killed as car crashes into medical centre
7NEWS — ‘Horrific’ sound as car crashes into medical centre, killing man
Daily Mail Australia — Man is killed and woman injured after car crashes into medical centre

Ferrari (1 incident)

2026-07-25 — 20260725-02 — 2 article(s), 2 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Influencer miraculously walks away from horror Ferrari crash [names make]
Daily Mail Australia — Property investor’s $1million Ferrari is split in half after crash [names make]

Hyundai (1 incident)

2026-03-09 — 20260309-02 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

Daily Mail Australia — Three killed in horror Kings Highway crash near Queanbeyan
9News — Three killed in ‘devastating’ head-on crash in southern NSW

Isuzu (1 incident)

2026-02-18 — 20260218-VIC-01 — 8 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Video captures terrifying moments before a deadly wrong-way crash
Daily Mail Australia — Wild moment truck is ‘chased’ on the wrong side of the highway
ABC News — A truck travelling on the wrong side of the Bruce Highway moments before colliding with another vehicle.
ABC News — Head-on crash on Bruce Highway leaves one dead, another in critical condition
7NEWS — Victim of deadly wrong-way collision identified
9News — Ute found after man killed in horror wrong-way crash on major highway
7NEWS — Two charged as firearm seized in probe into fatal wrong-way highway crash
7NEWS — New vision captures arrest and gun linked to deadly wrong-way crash

Jaguar (1 incident)

2026-02-24 — 20260224-WA-01 — 3 article(s), 1 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Harrowing dashcam shows moments before fatal high-speed crash
9News — ‘Unguided missile’: Fatal crash doctor learns sentence
Daily Mail Australia — Shock footage of drunk Perth obstetrician driving Jaguar before crash [names make]

Mitsubishi (1 incident)

2026-05-23 — 20260523-QLD-01 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

7NEWS — Horror as young woman and baby killed in three-car collision
Daily Mail Australia — Horror as woman and toddler are killed in head-on highway collision

RAM (1 incident)

2026-08-03 — 20260803-01 — 3 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

9News — [WA news: Two dead, child fighting for life after caravan crash in remote WA

Nine.com.au](https://www.nine.com.au/australia-news/wa/two-dead-child-fighting-for-life-after-caravan-crash-in-remote-wa-20260803-p60l47.html)

7NEWS — Premier speaks, road reopens after two killed in horror smash
7NEWS — Two dead, child among pair airlifted after horrific highway crash

SsangYong (1 incident)

2026-07-29 — 20260729-03 — 2 article(s), 0 headline(s) name the make

Daily Mail Australia — Car left hanging in the air after hitting Brisbane bus at intersection
9News — Car hitches ride on Brisbane bus after freak crash